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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. NEWBURGH.

STOVE.

Patented May 7 1889..

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. v I J M N. PETERS. Phnlu-Likhngnpher, Washington, n. c

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2;

c. NEWBURGH.

STOVE- No. 403,063. Patented May '7, 1889..

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UNITED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES NEWBURGH, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGN OR TO KATEE. NEVVBURGH.

STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 403,063, dated May '7,1889. Application filed December 12, 1888- Serial No. 2933M. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES N EWBURGH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have. inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Stoves; and I do declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of a heating-stoveillustrating the improvement in my invention, Fig. 2 is a perpendicularView of the upper air-heating chamber. Fig. Sis a perpendicular view ofthe lower airheating chamber, partially broken away.

The object of my invention is to secure the perfect or nearly perfectcombustion of the gases and smoke thrown off by burning fuel, especiallywhen soft or bituminous coal is used, by the introduction into thecombustion-chamber of a stove or furnace of a supply of oxygen heated toa high temperature,

and in such a manner as to thoroughlymingle the same with the gases andsmoke, thereby producing perfect or nearly perfect combustion.

It is a well-known fact that in the use of fuel, especially in the caseof soft or bituminous coal, a large percentage of the heating power islost through the improper combustion of the gases arising therefrom andby the escape of minute particles of coal. These gases being unoonsumed,pass off through the smoke pipe or flue and are lost. The interminglingof cold oxygen with these gases does not aid the combustion, but, ifanything, retards it. On the other hand, if the oxygen be first heatedto the same temperature as the gases evolved from the burning fuel, andis then thoroughly mixed with such gases, they become highly inflammableand are consumed before they have time to pass off into, the smoke pipeor flue, and the maximum heating-power of the fuel is thereby attained.It is evident that the introduction of heated oxygen at a point, or evenseveral points, in the combustion-chamber will not accomplish thedesired result. The gases and smoke, which are naturally massed in avolume directly over the burning fuel, the denser portion of which islocated in the center of the stove or furnace, should be dispersed asnearly as possible toward the sides of the combustion-chamber, there tomeet and mingle with the heated oxygen, which from the necessities ofthe case must be introduced into the combustion-chamber at pointssomewhat remote from the center. In order to heat the oxygen to the hightemperature necessary to its successful use, it must be introducedthrough ducts into air-heating chambers located inside thecombustion-chamber, Where, exposed to the heat of the burning fuel, itis rapidly and continuously heated. All this I claim to be accomplishedhyinyiuvention.

In the drawings, A represents the combustion-chamber, into which risethe smoke and gases evolved from the burning fuel.

0 represents the door of the stove, through which fuel is introduced.

D represents the upper air-heating cham her, which is an inclosure, theupper portion of which in this example is flat and circular in form andthe edges thereof, as at 0, forming right angles with the plane of theupper surface, while the lower portion, as at cl, is an imperforateddeflector, which in this example is in the shape of an inverted conewith the sides thereof slightly concave. Around or near the edge of thisair-heating chamber are perforations, as at 6, through which the heatedair escapes from the interior of the air-heating chamber into thecombustion-chamber. Attached to the upper edge of the air-heatingchamber on one side, as at f, is a bar, the outer end of which is turnedup enough to admit of fastening with bolts to the side of the stove. Onthe other side, as at g, is a hollow duct or fiue connecting with theinterior of the air-heating chamber, 5

and which performs the double office of supporting the air-heatingchamber and introducing fresh air into it.

E represents the lower air-heating chamber, which is an inclosure, and,in this example, is circular in form and rests upon the top of thefire-pot. It consist-s of a hollow chamber, the outer rim of whichengages with and conforms to the shape of the interior walls of thecombustion-chamber, and three of its sides are square. The side nearestthe center is slightly convex, and is perforated, as at 71'. On one sideof this air-heatin g cham her and attached thereto is a hollow duct orfine, as at 1', connecting with the interior of the air-heating chamber,and through which the fresh air is introduced into the air-heatingchamber.

F represents a pipe, which may be of any suitable shape, attached to theback of the stove and resting against it, if possible, and extendingfrom the point 9 down to or near the bottom of the stove. This pipe isprovided with dampers as at and Z, to regulate the flow of air throughit, and, connectin g with the flue or duct 1' of the lower air-heatingchamber, E, and the flue or duct g of the up per air-heatingchamber, D,form continuous air-passages from near the bottom of the stove into theupper and lower air-heating cham hers. V

The upper and lower airheatin g chambers and the connecting ducts orlines may be made of any suitable substance capable of resisting heat;but I deem cast iron the most suitable. I prefer that the upperair-heatin g chamber should be located so that the lower point of theimperforated deflector will be about on a line with the top of the door0; but it may be placed higher or lower, if preferred. I11 diameter Iprefer that it should be about one-half of that of the combustionchamberand located in the center thereof.

The manner in which my improvement opcrates is substantially as follows:After the fuel in the stove is lighted and the dampers k and Z areopened, the heat and gases generated by the combustion produce a draftof cool air through the pipe 1 upward, passing through the hollow ductsor flues g and t into the two air-heating chambers D and E. The pipe Fbeing warm from the contact with the stove, the temperature of the airpass ing through it is gradually raised as it ascends, and by the timeit enters the air-heat ing chambers it is no longer cold. These chambersbeing directly exposed to the flames are extremely hot, and the airflowing through them is almost instantly raised to a temperaturecorresponding very nearly to that in the combustion-chamber. The forceof the infiowing cold air through pipe F, combined with the suction fromthe constant passage of the hot air from the interior of thecombustion-chamber into the smokepipe, causes the heated air in theair-heating chambers to flow in continuous streams through the smallholes or perforations at e and h into the combustioircliamber at pointswhere it is thoroughly mixed with the gases and smoke evolved from theburning fuel. This mixture produces a highly-inflammable gas, which,together with the minute particles of coal hereinbeforementioned, areconsumed before they can escape into the smokepipe. Thus the greatestheating capacity of the fuel is obtained, and but little, if any, sootor coal escapes to clog the pipes and chimneys. The lower point of theimperforated deflector d of the upper air-heating cham ber D, projectingdownward, as it does, into the center of the dense body of gases andsmoke in the combustion-chamber, tends to divide them, as they rise,into a thin sheet, and when they reach a point near the top of theair-heating chamber their density is lessened, and for that reason theyare more thoroughly mingled with the hot air issuing from the airheatingchamber through the perforations or holes e.

In starting a fire, or when the fire low, I

close the dampers 7c and 1, cutting off the supply of air to theair-heating chambers, whereby the draft upward through the fuel isincreased. By opening the damperl and closing the damper 7c the amountof oxygen introduced into the gases and smoke in the combustionchamberis reduced one-half, as the supply to the upper a'irdieating chamber Dis thereby cut off. Thus the supply of oxygen to the air-heatingchambers can be regulated at will by means of the dampers 7s and Z.

I am aware that ail heating chambers located in the combustion-chamberand pro-V vided with small openings for the escape of the heated airinto the combnsti0n-chamber have heretofore been employed; and I do notclaim such an invention broadly.

I do not intend to limit myself to the precise mechanism hereinillustrated, as many changes can be readily suggested by those skilledin the art, which changes and modifications may be used without at alldepart ing from the spirit and principles of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, whatI claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

1. In a stove, the perforated air-heating chamber I), suspended in thecombustionchamber A, its lower or under side forming the imperforateddeflector cl, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In a stove, the combination of the perforated air-heating chamber D,suspended in the combustion-chamber A, its lower under side forming theimperforated deflector cl, with the barf, the hollow duct or flue g, andthe pipe I substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a stove, the combination. of the perforated air-heating chamber D,suspended in the combustiomchamber A, its lower or un der side formingthe imperforated deflector d, the bar f, and the hollow duct or flue g,In testimony whereof Iaffix my signature in with the air-heating chamberE, located above presence of two witnesses. or upon the upper edge ofthe fire-pot B, and y concentrically therewith, and having the per-CHARLES NEWBURGH' 5 forations h, the hollow duct or flue 1', and theWitnesses:

pipe F, substantially as and for the purposes THOS. S. HOPKINs,specified. S. G. HOPKINS.

